Country and Citizen Names
China's formal name is People’s Republic of China; in Chinese: Zhonghua Renmin Gonghe Guo.

The short form of its name is China; in Chinese: Zhongguo.

The term for its Citizen(s) is Chinese (singular and plural); in Chinese: Huaren.

Capital and Major Cities
The Capital city of China is Beijing (old name: Peking); in Chinese: Beijing.

Based on 2000 census data, the largest cities are the four centrally administered
municipalities, which include dense urban areas, suburbs, and large rural areas: Chongqing (30.5
million), Shanghai (16.4 million), Beijing (13.5 million), and Tianjin (9.8 million). Other major
cities are Wuhan (5.1 million), Shenyang (4.8 million), Guangzhou (3.8 million), Chengdu (3.2
million), Xi’an (3.1 million), and Changchun (3 million). China has 12 other cities with
populations of between 2 million and 2.9 million and 20 or more other cities with populations of
more than 1 million persons.

Independence

The outbreak of revolution on October 10, 1911, signaled the collapse of the
Qing Dynasty (1644–1911), which was formally replaced by the government of the Republic of
China on February 12, 1912. The People’s Republic of China was officially established on
October 1, 1949, replacing the Republic of China government on mainland China.

Public Holidays

The official national holidays are New Year’s Day (January 1); Spring Festival
or Lunar New Year (movable dates—three days—in January and February), Labor Day (May 1),
and National Day (two-day observance on October 1–2). Also commemorated are International
Women’s Day (March 8), Youth Day (May 4), Children’s Day (June 1), Chinese Communist
Party Founding Day (July 1), Army Day (August 1), and Teachers’ Day (September 10).

Flag

The flag of China is red with a large yellow five-pointed star and four middle of the flag) in the upper hoist-side corner. The color red symbolizes the spirit of the revolution, and the five stars signify the unity of the people of China under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party. The flag was officially unveiled in Beijing’s Tiananmen Square on October 1, 1949, the formal announcement of the founding of the People’s Republic of China.

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